Abstract: Four units of reservoir-seal assemblage and four kinds of reservoir, including structural reservoir, stratigraphic barrier reservoir, stratigraphic-structural reservoir and sandstone updip pinch-out reservoir have been developed in the Silurian system of Tarim basin. Hydrocarbon accumulation has been mainly controlled by structural evolution, sedimentary reservoir and storage conditions. Based on analysis of reservoir-seal assemblage, structural evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation, three types of potential reservoir, such as stratigraphic onlap-lithologic reservoir, unconformity barrier reservoir and asphaltic sand barrier reservoir, have been found to be developed in Silurian system. At the same time, favorable prospecting areas in Silurian system have been pointed out.