Abstract: Taking Shenghe 1 well as an example, this paper introduces the field application of rapid lithology identification while drilling technique It is characterized by simplicity, easiness, rapidness and high accuracy. It can be used to appraise and analyze lithology of drilling cuttings and provide guidance for coring, identification of interfaces and targets, determination of locations of lost circulation, selection of drilling bit and division of formations according to features of regional geologic structure and li-thologic markers. It can effectively improve the quality of drilling engineering and geologic logging and their economic benefits.