Abstract: How to scientifically evaluate the oil and gas block and achieve the block orderly advance and retreat is the key point of the mining rights work. The previous block evaluation was to put blocks with different exploration levels on the same platform for evaluation, and the evaluation results were limited, while the evaluation of oil and gas blocks by using the risk probability method could obtain scientific results. According to different exploration degrees, the blocks are classified to calculate the exploration degree index. Different oil and gas geological evaluation parameters are used for the blocks with different exploration degrees. The exploration value of oil and gas blocks is evaluated according to the results of resource evaluation. Finally, according to exploration degree index, probability of containing oil and gas and exploration value, the expert opinion method is adopted to conduct comprehensive optimization and queuing, and then the evaluation results of oil and gas blocks are given,which can provide a good reference for exploration deployment decision.