Abstract: Through comprehensive geological research, Wuxia fault belt is found to be a typical multiple oil and gas accumulation zone,the oil and gas mainly derived from source rocks of Permian Jiamu river formation,Fengcheng formation and lower Wuerhe formation.Through three hydrocarbon fillings,three periods of oil and gas reservoirs have been formed.The hydrocarbon reservoirs have characteristics of various reservoir types and mutiple reservoir-caprock assemblages.The faulting,unconformity surface and the connectivity of sand body built up the three-dimensional conducting system of oil and gas migration.The main controlling factors of oil and gas distribution of Wuxia fault belt are found to be as the follows,namely the source rocks,the hydrocarbon-generation and hydrocarbon-expulsion centers,structural and sedimentary facies belts,faulting,unconformity and favorable reservoirs.The hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of complicated reservoirs in Wuxia fault belt of Junggar basin and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon distribution are of important guiding significance for the oil and gas exploration and the rolling exploration evaluation in the area.