Abstract: At present,China's resources and reserves management department and the three major petroleum companies are trying to introduce the advantage concept and methods of SPE-PRMS to domestic resources and reserves estimation system.'Uncertainty' is the core concept of the SPE-PRMS,which fully reflects the characteristics of petroleum resources and reserves estimation.By analyzing the uncertainty characterization for resources and reserves evaluation using SPE-PRMS criterion in this paper,the keys of application of probabilistic method deterministic incremental method and analogy method were discussed to describe resources and reserves uncertainty,the real cases estimation were analyzed and compared to Chinese current resources and reserves standard results,which provided a good reference for the application of the SPE-PRMS criterion in China.